Saturday, January 4, 2020

Excel Filters AutoFilter Macros

Sales KPIs Reports

Contextures

Examples of AutoFilter macros, for use with worksheet AutoFilters
(only one allowed per worksheet).

Show All Records go to top

The following Excel AutoFilter VBA code shows all records, if a filter
has been applied.

Sub ShowAllRecords()
  If ActiveSheet.FilterMode Then
    ActiveSheet.ShowAllData
  End If
End Sub

Show All Records on Protected Sheet

The following macros are designed for sheets that are protected. There are two versions of the macro:

Protected Sheet with No Password

If the worksheet is protected, with no password, use this
code to unprotect it, show all, then turn the protection back on.

Sub ShowAllProtected()

With ActiveSheet
    .Unprotect
    .ShowAllData
    .Protect _
        Contents:=True, _
        AllowFiltering:=True, _
        UserInterfaceOnly:=True
End With

End Sub

Protected Sheet with a Password

If the worksheet is protected, with a password, use this code to
unprotect it, show all, then turn the protection back on.

Sub ShowAllProtectedPwd()
Dim strPwd As String
strPwd = "yourpassword"

With ActiveSheet
    .Unprotect Password:=strPwd
    .ShowAllData
    .Protect _
        Contents:=True, _
        AllowFiltering:=True, _
        UserInterfaceOnly:=True, _
        Password:=strPwd
End With

End Sub

Turn Excel AutoFilter On or Off

Use the following macro to turn an Excel AutoFilter on,
if no filter exists on the active sheet. Go to Top

Sub TurnAutoFilterOn()
'check for filter, turn on if none exists
  If Not ActiveSheet.AutoFilterMode Then
    ActiveSheet.Range("A1").AutoFilter
  End If
End Sub

Use the following macro to turn an Excel
AutoFilter off, if one exists on the active sheet

Sub TurnFilterOff()
'removes AutoFilter if one exists
  Worksheets("Data").AutoFilterMode = False
End Sub    

Ungroup Dates in Filter Drop Down

By default, when you turn on an AutoFilter, dates are grouped in
the drop down list. Click on a plus sign, to see the months for each year.

filter date grouping

If you don’t want the dates grouped automatically, you can:

NOTE: If you have a copy of my Excel Tools add-in, use the Toggle Filter Grouping command on the Workbook Appearance drop down.

Macro to Turn Date Grouping On or Off

This code toggles the date grouping setting:

  • if date grouping is
    on, the macro turns it off
  • if date grouping is off, the macro turns it on
Sub ToggleFilterDateGroup()
    ActiveWindow.AutoFilterDateGrouping _
    = Not ActiveWindow.AutoFilterDateGrouping
End Sub

Hide AutoFilter Arrows

Perhaps you want users to filter only specific fields in a list. Use the following macros to hide one or more of the drop down arrows in the list heading row.

NOTE: These macros do not turn the AutoFilter off. They just change the VisibleDropDown property to False, for some fields.

Hide All Arrows

The following Excel AutoFilter VBA procedure hides the arrows for
all fields in the list. The Filter feature is NOT turned off.

Sub HideALLArrows()
'hides all arrows in heading row
'the Filter remains ON
Dim c As Range
Dim i As Integer
Dim rng As Range
Set rng = ActiveSheet.AutoFilter.Range.Rows(1)
i = 1
Application.ScreenUpdating = False

For Each c In rng.Cells
  c.AutoFilter Field:=i, _
      Visibledropdown:=False
  i = i + 1
Next

Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

Hide All Arrows Except One

The following Excel AutoFilter VBA procedure hides the arrows for
all fields except field 2.

You can change the field number in the iShow variable, to leave a different field’s arrow visible.

NOTE: Use the Field number, NOT the worksheet column number.

Use List Field numbers in macros

Sub HideArrowsExceptOne()
'hides all arrows except
' in specified field number
Dim c As Range
Dim rng As Range
Dim i As Long
Dim iShow As Long
Set rng = ActiveSheet.AutoFilter.Range.Rows(1)
i = 1
iShow = 2 'leave this field's arrow visible
Application.ScreenUpdating = False

For Each c In rng.Cells
  If i = iShow Then
    c.AutoFilter Field:=i, _
      Visibledropdown:=True
  Else
      c.AutoFilter Field:=i, _
      Visibledropdown:=False
  End If
  i = i + 1
Next

Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

Hide Arrows on Specific Fields

In some lists, you might want to hide the arrows on specific fields,
and leave all the other arrows visible. The following macro hides
the arrows for fields 1, 3 and 4 — Case 1, 3, 4

You can change the field numbers in the first Case statement, to hide different arrows.

NOTE: Use the Field number, NOT the worksheet column number.

some arrows are hidden

Sub HideArrowsSpecificFields()
'hides arrows in specified fields
Dim c As Range
Dim i As Integer
Dim rng As Range
Set rng = ActiveSheet.AutoFilter.Range.Rows(1)
i = 1
Application.ScreenUpdating = False

For Each c In rng.Cells
  Select Case i
    Case 1, 3, 4
      c.AutoFilter Field:=i, _
        Visibledropdown:=False
    Case Else
      c.AutoFilter Field:=i, _
        Visibledropdown:=True
  End Select
  i = i + 1
Next

Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

Show AutoFilter Arrows

If one or more of the AutoFilter arrows have been hidden, use the following macros to show the drop down arrows in the list heading row.

Show All AutoFilter Arrows

To show all the AutoFilter arrows again, use the following macro. When the macro runs, it shows the arrow for each cell in the list heading row.

Sub ShowALLArrows()
'shows all arrows in headng row
Dim c As Range
Dim i As Integer
Dim rng As Range
Set rng = ActiveSheet.AutoFilter.Range.Rows(1)
i = 1
Application.ScreenUpdating = False

For Each c In rng.Cells
  c.AutoFilter Field:=i, _
      Visibledropdown:=True
  i = i + 1
Next

Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

Show All AutoFilter Arrows Except One

The following Excel AutoFilter VBA procedure shows the arrows for
all fields except field 2. You can change the field number in the iHide variable, to hide a different field’s arrow.

NOTE: Use the Field number, NOT the worksheet column number.

Use List Field numbers in macros

Sub ShowArrowsExceptOne()
'shows all arrows except
' in specified field number
Dim c As Range
Dim rng As Range
Dim i As Long
Dim iHide As Long
Set rng = ActiveSheet.AutoFilter.Range.Rows(1)
i = 1
iHide = 3 'leave this field's arrow hidden
Application.ScreenUpdating = False

For Each c In rng.Cells
  If i = iHide Then
    c.AutoFilter Field:=i, _
      Visibledropdown:=False
  Else
      c.AutoFilter Field:=i, _
      Visibledropdown:=True
  End If
  i = i + 1
Next

Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub

Copy Filtered Rows

The following macro copies the filtered rows from
the active sheet AutoFilter to a sheet named “Sheet2”.

Sub CopyFilter()
'by Tom Ogilvy
Dim rng As Range
Dim rng2 As Range

With ActiveSheet.AutoFilter.Range
 On Error Resume Next
   Set rng2 = .Offset(1, 0).Resize(.Rows.Count - 1, 1) _
       .SpecialCells(xlCellTypeVisible)
 On Error GoTo 0
End With
If rng2 Is Nothing Then
   MsgBox "No data to copy"
Else
   Worksheets("Sheet2").Cells.Clear
   Set rng = ActiveSheet.AutoFilter.Range
   rng.Offset(1, 0).Resize(rng.Rows.Count - 1).Copy _
     Destination:=Worksheets("Sheet2").Range("A1")
End If
   ActiveSheet.ShowAllData

End Sub    

Use AutoFilter on Protected Worksheet
go to top

You can use an Excel AutoFilter on a protected worksheet, but you
can’t create an Excel AutoFilter on a protected worksheet. Be sure
that the filter is in place before you protect the sheet.

To allow users to use
AutoFilter after the sheet is protected, be sure to add a check mark to the Use AutoFilter box, when you protect the sheet

Allow AutoFilter on protected sheet

Turn on AutoFilter and Protect Sheet

To be sure that a sheet has an AutoFilter, and the sheet is protected, use a macro that runs automatically when the workbook is opened, and macros are enabled.

This Workbook_Open macro checks for an AutoFilter on the sheet named Data. It
turns on the AutoFilter, if one is not in place. Then, it protects the Data sheet, and
sets the protection to user interface only. That allows macros to change the sheet, but users cannot make changes manually.

Store the following Excel
AutoFilter macro on the ThisWorkbook module sheet. There are instructions below the code.

Private Sub Workbook_Open() 
'check for filter, turn on if none exists
With Worksheets("Data")
  If Not .AutoFilterMode Then
    .Range("A1").AutoFilter
  End If
  .EnableAutoFilter = True
  .Protect Password:="password", _
  Contents:=True, UserInterfaceOnly:=True
End With
End Sub 

Add the Workbook Open Code

To add this code to your workbook:

  • To open the ThisWorkbook module, press Alt+F11, to open the Visual Basic Editor.
  • Then, in the Project Explorer at the left, find your workbook, and click the + sign to see the Microsoft Excel Objects.
  • Right-click on ThisWorkbook, and click View Code
  • Then, paste the
    code where the cursor is flashing.

ThisWorkbook View Code

Count Visible Rows go to top

With this Excel AutoFilter VBA sample code, show a message
with a count of the rows that are visible after a filter has
been applied.

count of visible records

Sub CountVisRows()
'by Tom Ogilvy
Dim rng As Range
Set rng = ActiveSheet.AutoFilter.Range

MsgBox rng.Columns(1). _
   SpecialCells(xlCellTypeVisible).Count - 1 _
   & " of " & rng _
   .Rows.Count - 1 & " Records"

End Sub

Check For AutoFilter

To see if a worksheet contains a worksheet AutoFilter, run this macro. If there is a worksheet AutoFilter on the active sheet, this code
will print a line in the Immediate window, with a count of one. You could use this type of code in other macros, to check a specific sheet for an AutoFilter.

Note: While you are in the Visual Basic Editor, press Ctrl+G to show the Immediate Window.

count of AutoFilters on active sheet

Sub CountSheetAutoFilters()
Dim iARM As Long
'counts all worksheet autofilters
'even if all arrows are hidden
  If ActiveSheet.AutoFilterMode = True Then iARM = 1
  Debug.Print "AutoFilterMode: " & iARM
End Sub     

Get the Macro Workbook

To see all the macros from this page, download the AutoFilter Worksheet Macros workbook. The zipped file is in xlsm format, and contains macros. Be sure to enable macros when you open the workbook, if you want to test the macros.

More Tutorials

Excel List AutoFilter VBA

Excel AutoFilter Basics

 


Why You Need To Stop Earning Snap Judgements

Doodle stick figure businessman judging an employee

Not long ago, a colleague described one particular of our teammates to me as “a squander of room”. It struck me that this sort of a snap judgement is fairly unfair. And the truth is, the human being has only been in the planet of do the job for about nine months.

Thus, they are taking time to adjust from comprehensive-time education to complete-time function. Some men and women — understandably — come across the changeover daunting and choose time to get comfortable with the distinctions between education and perform. To give them an instant and damaging label is unhelpful, for a number of factors.

It could, for one, induce other persons to view them much less favourably. It could also develop a self-satisfying prophesy as other individuals give up on the individual, who then turns into isolated.

Bottom line — it really is a terrible plan to label individuals in this way. It truly is much greater to inspire them and operate jointly. In the conclusion, perhaps they are not suited to their present job and might find much better opportunities in other places. On the other hand, irrespective, the person justifies a reasonable opportunity to prove them selves, free of charge of unfair snap judgements.

In A Believed-Provoking Thought on the Hazards of ‘Nouns’, a small and insightful short article, Vishen Lakhiani appears to be like at how individuals are so considerably additional than the labels we use to them. The author asks, So, how are we sabotaging the way we recognize persons or how we interpret folks by putting these labels on them?

Merely put, these snap judgements fulfil a will need in us to categorise and pigeon-hole people today in day to day situations. Doing this, as Vishen factors out, in the end can make the earth simpler to fully grasp.

If we delve further, nonetheless, we locate that persons are substantially far more complicated than the simple labels we swiftly implement to them. In truth, labels avert us from truly seeing and understanding persons. And that, in flip, can cause us to deal with them unfairly.

Let’s fall the labels and snap judgements in favour of actually understanding persons and what drives their behaviour.

Have you been sufferer of an unfair snap judgement. What did you do? Explain to us in the responses.


Partners in profit: Creating successful business alliances

As partnerships grow more complex, putting the right foundations in place from the start becomes even more crucial to lucrative and lasting collaboration.
Partners in profit: Creating successful business alliances

Thursday, January 2, 2020

ProjectManagement.com – Reaching 2020 Eyesight

Administration Dashboard Report

Adhering to 20 years at a large Canadian telecommunications company, Bruce proven the undertaking management consulting agency Alternatives Management Inc (SMI). Since 1999, he has provided contract venture/program management solutions, been a resource for task administration aid staff and made/shipped courses to over 7,000 contributors in Canada, the United States and England.

We have arrived at a new ten years. In the frantic earth in which we dwell, just about every 10 years appears to conclude more quickly than the a single in advance of. As 2020 kicks off, there is a unique option to learn from the earlier and glimpse excitedly toward a New Yr and a new ten years.

Reflection is some thing we know we should really do, but under no circumstances feel to come across the time to in fact do. Now feels like the best instant to pause, mirror, get ready and get a self-confident step forward. Stop and think: “What was I performing as 2019 kicked off?”

Or, if you are actually courageous (and have a very good memory or filing method), assume back to when the 10 years kicked off 10 yrs in the past. For a actual leap back again in time, assume about people anxious times as the clock clicked previous the closing seconds of the past millennia!

Getting a Glimpse Back (on the yr or 10 years)

1. What went nicely? We do classes discovered on our initiatives. We meet up with to not only imagine about what could have been accomplished far better, but to figure out and celebrate what went effectively. Why not do that for ourselves?

    &#13
  • Maybe you completed the ultimate class in a method and are now wondering about PMI certification. Or, greater continue to, you did all that tough do the job and learning paid out off and the certification is now complete.
  • &#13

  • From a project standpoint, did you get on a project that appeared virtually impossible but have because learned that, thanks to your management, considerable …

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ProjectManagement.com – Are You Coachable?

Andy Jordan is President of Roffensian Consulting S.A., a Roatan, Honduras-based mostly administration consulting organization with a extensive undertaking administration apply. Andy normally appreciates comments and dialogue on the concerns lifted in his article content and can be reached at andy.jordan@roffensian.com. Andy’s new guide Risk Management for Job Pushed Businesses is now available.

It can take a specific sort of man or woman to be a job manager. You need to be snug with uncertainty, you require to be ready to sweat the facts whilst maintaining just one eye on the significant image, and you need to have to be capable to construct a workforce of people today who are determined to get the job done together for a frequent goal—and do it making use of affect and identity rather than official authority.

In some approaches, project supervisors have to be selfless simply because they are focused on producing an ecosystem where by their workforce can realize success. But they also need to have a bit of an ego—they need to have the self-belief and self esteem that they can get the venture sent no make any difference what obstructions are thrown in their way.

These individuality characteristics are not good or poor, they just are any other combine and the man or woman probably would not appreciate undertaking management (and most likely would not do well at it, either). But there are implications to this type of persona, and in my experience one of them is that task administrators can be tougher than some other roles to coach. And that can be a difficulty mainly because coaching is a person of the most helpful methods for any specialist to develop.

Let us appear at why coaching can be tough for PMs…

The obstacles to coaching good results
&#13
Job supervisors need to have to have self-self-assurance if they are to be thriving. And they will have to convey that assurance to their team, sponsor and …

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Excel Dashboard Template


Project Management Prepcast And Exam Simulator Review [2020] + Discount Coupon Code • Girl’s Guide To Project Management

Management Tool

[ad] I was given a copy of the Project Management PrepCast to review.

Project Management Prepcast review

Social media has been awash with info on the changes to the Project Management Professional (PMP)® exam that take effect in June 2020.

My inbox has been full of people asking what they should do. Take the exam now or wait until the new version? Because it will be different.

Click here for an article explaining what is changing in the new PMP exam.

My advice is if you know you want to do the PMP exam, do it now before the changes come in.

This article is an honest PM PrepCast review and gives you the lowdown on one of the top courses I recommend for PMP prep. Let’s get you started and on the way to certification with the PrepCast!

Scroll down for the latest PM PrepCast coupon code to get a discount on your training.

The changes to the exam content don’t actually look that
sweepingly different, but with any new exam comes a period of adjustment for
candidates and examiners, and testing how the questions score. It’s possible
that “settling in period” might influence how you feel and perform in the exam.

Why not spend the next few months getting ready and then just do the exam? Get it out the way before the end of the year. And start benefiting from the career prospects of having letters after your name!

It can be insanely difficult to find time to study, especially when you are working. That’s why I love the Project Management PrepCast as an exam prep tool for both PMP prep and the Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)®, because the learning comes in bite-sized chunks. I’ve been doing the PMP prep course myself, albeit incredibly slowly!

I’m a Fellow of the Association for Project Management in the UK and hold several other certifications relevant to project management in the UK, so I’ve never really felt a need to get PMP certification as well. But 2020 might be the year to do it!

So, what’s this course I’m doing and recommending to you?

What is the Project Management PrepCast?

The Project Management PrepCast is an incredibly popular, formal, online 35-hour training course from Cornelius Fichtner, PMP, CSM. His company is a Registered Education Provider for PMI, so you know the course has been vetted and is top quality.

The course meets the PMI requirements for formal project management education and provides you with a certificate for evidence in case your PMP application is audited.

The course is delivered via video and audio,
through an online course platform. You login, and everything is there for you
inside one website.

When you login for the first time, this is
what you see:

PM Prepcast homepage
The PM PrepCast homepage. The website guides you through exactly what to do and what to study in what order.

What’s included in the PM PrepCast?

The course comes with:

  • Over 50 hours of webinars
  • Access to the online forum to
    discuss your study plans with other students
  • A free email course to help you
    stay on track
  • Access to an exam simulator
    with 1,600+ questions

And most importantly:

  • A 35 contact hour certificate!

Having the certificate is a must if you
want to apply for the PMP® exam and either don’t have any prior project
management education or can’t be bothered to dig out all those certificates
from years ago to evidence your education.

What the course is like

Here’s an image from my iPad of what you
get when you login. You can use the contents list and mark items as complete.
For me, that list acts as my study plan.

Project Management PrepCast topics list
This is part of the contents of the Project Management PrepCast – a screenshot from my iPad of the topics. The course goes on, it just wouldn’t fit on the screen. At the point I took this image, I hadn’t completed much of the course.

Who is the Project Management PrepCast for?

The PrepCast is a full exam prep course for PMP® aspirants.

If you want to prepare for and take the PMP® exam, this is the course for you.

If you are preparing for the CAPM, get the CAPM PrepCast instead as
it is better tailored to your syllabus and exam content outline.

PM PrepCast Exam Simulator Review

I recommend you get the version with the
exam simulator. It is so hard to pass a 4 hour exam with no exam practice. Even
if you know all the topics inside out, you need to have exam skills to get you
through the hours in the exam room.

The last time I did an exam it was an essay
paper. Test taking online is a different skill set. You need to be able to
navigate through the questions, confidently skipping the questions you don’t
know and then going back to them at the end when you have more time.

There is a PrepCast bundle that comes with the course itself and access to the simulator. Get that one, the Elite version.

And don’t worry if you think it is going to
take you a while to get round to using the exam simulator. Your 90-day access
to the test exams only starts when you start your first exam, so you can study,
and then test yourself when you are ready.

I have used the exam simulator too, and I think it’s very realistic. At the moment, the simulator includes a strikethrough feature, which was something available on the Prometric testing centre system. As I understand it, the new Pearson Vue testing centre system doesn’t have a strikethrough feature.

I asked Cornelius about this and his team is looking at what it would take to update the simulator to remove the strikethrough option. Meanwhile, I would recommend you don’t practice using strikethrough in your mock exams, so you don’t rely on it in the real thing.

Pros

I found the course easy to use and very
comprehensive.

The course content has been designed by
PMP® certificate holders. The material is clear and easy to understand,
presented in a logical order.

I liked that I can do it in my own time,
without the effort of going to the classroom. With my job, there is no way that
I could take a week out for study, which is effectively what you’d have to do
(at least) to get through all the material in a classroom setting.

It’s reasonably priced.

The customer service is amazing and the
team is really helpful.

And… I probably shouldn’t judge a course on
this but…Cornelius’s voice is lovely! And I enjoyed his gentle sense of humour
too.

Cons

Some of the videos are quite long. I am
more used to studying with videos that are more like 10-15 minutes. That says
more about my attention span than the course material, and you can obviously
pause the videos and go back later to watch the second half.

Many of the lessons are split up into
multiple videos, but they are more like 20-30 minutes long. That’s still short
enough to fit one into a commute or lunch break.

You have to remember to do the work. With
any online course, it’s your responsibility to login and study. If you struggle
to motivate yourself, you’d be better off with a classroom course.

I think the design of some of the slides
for the webinars is old-fashioned.

Here’s an example slide so you can see what
I mean.

PM Prepcast example slide
A slide from the Benefits Realisation Management module in the Project Management PrepCast.

I mean, it’s OK, but it doesn’t look modern to me. So – know you are getting the course for the content, not the style! Wouldn’t you rather the price was low instead of funding a fancy design team?

Claiming PDUs

If you are not yet a PMP, you do not need
to claim PDUs (Professional Development Units – PMI’s scheme for continuing
professional development).

However, if you want to brush up your
skills, for example, refresh your knowledge against the latest version of the PMBOK® Guide then you can claim PDUs if
you take the PM PrepCast. It could be a fast, interesting and relatively cheap
way to gain all your PDUs for one recertification cycle in one go.

Refund Policy

I know buying a course is a big deal, even one as reasonably priced as this. The Project Management PrepCast comes with an iron-clad refund policy. If it isn’t for you, you can ask for a full refund at any point in the first 90 days. No questions asked.

That makes it a safe bet!

PM PrepCast coupon

Because the Prepcast
team know the exam is changing, they have an amazing deal at the moment for
people who are committed to taking their exams. And when I can get discounts on
useful stuff I pass them on to you!
  • $30 off the PM PrepCast Elite with code Jan20elite from 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2020.

Summary & Recommendation

If you’re on the fence, there are three
options as I see it:

  1. You carry on as you are, looking for a way to finally get your CAPM or PMP
  2. You buy the Prepcast, you don’t like and you’ll get a refund (full 90 day refund, no questions asked)
  3. You buy the Prepcast, do the course and (hopefully) pass the exam (of course you will, be positive!).

I
recommend this course, if you are prepared to be self-motivated and do the
work.

If you need someone else to hold you
accountable, or you are too busy to find time to schedule your study, then this
course isn’t going to work out for you.

Check out the course now!

What are you going to do with your next few months? I’ll be squeezing in some study time!

Pin for later reading:

Study for the PMP Exam with Project Management Prepcast

Recommended Free & Low Cost Courses

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KPI Report


The Future of Work in Developing Economies

Much has been written about the rise of automation in developed countries. Economists have been busily creating models seeking to quantify the likely impact of automation on employment.1 However, far less has been written about the potential effects on work in developing nations. This is surprising, given that automation may be especially troublesome for developing economies.

We know that economic growth brings significant shifts toward higher-skilled occupations and that the economies of many developing nations rely largely on manual labor and routinized manufacturing work. Because some types of manual and routinized work can be easily handled by computers, machinery, and artificial intelligence, it’s clear that large-scale automation could have significant and wide-reaching effects on workers in developing countries.

We wanted to get a more detailed understanding of how automation might affect developing economies compared with those of the developed world. To do this, we examined a database of more than 13,000 workers from 10 countries that contained the workers’ descriptions of the tasks they completed at their jobs and in their households.2 We combined this data with an occupation-level assessment of which jobs would most likely be automated, in order to quantify the risk of displacement.3

Taking a Task-Oriented Approach

Our findings were dramatic and surprising. In the countries we studied, the percentage of jobs susceptible to automation ranged from a low of 11% (Armenia) to a high of 42% (Ghana). For comparison, according to a 2016 study, the average number of jobs at risk of automation among member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development was 9%, with a range of 6% (South Korea) to 12% (Austria).4

We also compared occupational categories to see which ones were the most highly automatable. For example, it’s widely assumed that some jobs (for instance, driving buses and trucks) will eventually be automated, but others (such as teaching in secondary schools and graphic design) are less vulnerable. However, a key insight of our study — and one that has broad implications for both developing and developed economies — is that separating jobs into their component parts provides a much richer way of looking at jobs than estimating the effects of automation by occupation category. Taking a more component-oriented approach helps economists and government officials understand recent economic changes and allows them to understand the forces at work across economies. Furthermore, it allows them to forecast the tasks that future jobs will consist of and assist the workforce in developing the knowledge and skills required to excel under these conditions.

Consider the job of food processing. Depending on where the jobs are located, the content of what workers do can be quite different. In an advanced economy such as the United States, food-processing jobs might be focused on filling soda cups or using automated machines to cook hamburgers. In a developing economy like Ghana, however, the job may be more like the role of a home cook. Although some of the tasks themselves might be similar across economies, the worker’s role in society is heavily tied to cultural values and resource availability.

Countries facing the greatest risk from automation are those that have labor economies in which many jobs involve manual or routine tasks, such as sorting, lifting, and tracking, that can be easily automated. Prime examples are Ghana and Sri Lanka, where 42% and 35% of jobs, respectively, have an estimated automation likelihood greater than 70%.5 In contrast, in Armenia and China’s Yunnan province, relatively few jobs are threatened by automation.6

Viewing automation through this lens highlights the importance of not just modernizing industries within developing countries, but also ensuring that the specific tasks workers do in those industries are modernized. Upgrading the tasks matters for obvious reasons: Advanced occupations consist of different tasks that require increased levels of knowledge and ability. Jobs that require interpersonal and creative skills are relatively easy for humans to do but are difficult, if not impossible, for computers, which are better suited for well-defined analytical tasks. Generally, occupations that comprise critical tasks that can be automated will be more at risk as technology advances.

Governments should encourage workers to develop skills and expertise that will enable them to take on more challenging tasks that are less automatable. As individuals gain more knowledge and experience (whether through academic coursework or experience), they can become less susceptible to automation.

More research and monitoring will be necessary to track the effects of automation on developing economies. Countries will have to pursue different strategies to determine how best to approach the automation of diverse occupations and job tasks, based in part on factors such as the quality of local infrastructure. For example, the more advanced a country’s roads, electricity, internet, and other types of infrastructure, the quicker and more likely it is that automation will occur. However, automation requires capital investments, which may be limited for companies in developing countries. In other words, the lack of proper infrastructure can protect low-skill workers, reducing the negative impact on the labor market in the short term, but in many cases compromising the overall productivity of a developing economy.

It is critical that foreign companies thinking about outsourcing work to developing countries compare personnel costs with the costs of automation. But until we know how much companies are willing or able to spend in either area, it is hard to make predictions about the rate of replacement of humans by machines in the developing world. One of our most significant findings was that analyzing occupations according to their individual tasks can be extremely helpful in preparing for the future. A useful follow-up to our analysis would be to map out the changes to a subset of jobs, identifying which tasks are core to the occupation and which can be or have already been automated. Likewise, tracking job creation, either as a result of the demand from local organizations or from outsourcing by companies in developed nations, would be useful in understanding earlier and ongoing impacts of automation.

Yet we also need to look beyond the effects of automation on the most obvious tasks and jobs and probe the future of occupations that seem less likely to be automated. Understanding what’s happening in “safe” areas will enable industry, nongovernmental organizations, and political leaders to think bigger and longer term. Although it’s important for every country to look for ways to respond to the effects of automation, it’s especially critical for developing nations, which will be hit hardest and have the fewest resources to cushion the blows.


The Future of Work in Developing Economies